Summary of The Sermon at Benares Class 10 First Flight

Answer

Gautama Buddha was born in 563 B.C. He was horn in a royal family. He was a prince. His name was Siddhartha Gautama. At the age of twelve, he was sent away for schooling. He studied all the sacred Hindu scriptures. He returned after four years. At the age of sixteen, he married a princess. They had a son. For ten years the couple passed a happy life. Siddhartha had been shielded from the suffering of the world. However, when he was twenty-five, Siddhartha saw a sick man, then an aged man, then a funeral procession. Finally, he came across a monk begging for alms. This was his first encounter with the harsh realities of life. These sights made him so sad that he decided to renounce the worldly pleasures. He left his family and became a beggar. He went out into the world to seek spiritual knowledge.
Siddhartha Gautama wandered for seven years in search of wisdom and truth. Finally, he sat down under a fig tree to meditate. He vowed to stay there until he got enlightenment. After seven days. Gautama got enlightenment. He named the tree as the ‘Bodhi Tree’. that is ‘The tree of wisdom’. He became known as ‘the Buddha’ which means ‘enlightened’ or ‘the awakened’. He began to teach and to spread his message of wisdom and truth. He became known as the Buddha (the enlightened).
Buddha gave his first sermon at Benares. It is the holiest of places on the bank of the Ganges. His first sermon reflects his wisdom about one inscrutable kind of suffering i.e. death. Here, the Buddha tells about the universality of death which is inevitable and can’t be escaped.
A lady named Kisa Gotami had an only son. One day, her son died. She wanted her child should become alive again. She wanted some medicine to bring her son to life. People called her mad. At last, she came across a man. He advised her to meet the Buddha. She approached the Buddha with a request to give her medicine so that her only son could he live again. After deep thought, the Buddha asked her to bring a handful of mustard-seed. But there was a condition. She must bring it from a house where no one had died. Kisa Gotami went from door-to-door to get the mustard-seed. She found mustard: seed in every home but she could not find a home where nobody had died. By evening, she was sad and tired. She saw the lights of the city. soon there was the darkness of the night. Now she considered the fate of man. Now she realised that death is inevitable. No one can escape it.
she came back to the Buddha and asked for his blessings. The Buddha in his sermon told her that our life is brief and painful. Everyone who takes birth has to die. The vessel made by the potter is not permanent. It has to break one day. In the same way, everyone has to die. Death spares none. A father cannot save his son. Everyone grieves when someone dear dies. But grieving cannot bring the dead back to life. So death and sufferings are unavoidable. The wise persons do not grieve as they know the truth. Weeping does not bring peace to the mind. on the other hand, a person’s pain becomes greater by grieving. His body also suffers. One who has learnt to control his grief shall have peace of mind. That person is blessed, who has overcome his sorrow.

Answer

• Gautama Buddha was born a prince. He was named Siddhartha Gautama.
• He was married at the age of sixteen and enjoyed the royal luxuries for ten years.
• He had a son. Up to the age of twenty-five, he was shielded from the sufferings of the world.
• The sight of a sick man, then an aged man, and a funeral procession shocked him.
• Finally, he saw a monk begging for alms.
• He gave up royal pleasures and set out to seek enlightenment.
• He wandered for seven years and finally sat down under a big tree in meditation. Enlightenment came to him after seven days.
• He named the big tree the Bodhi Tree or Tree of Wisdom.
• He was known as the Buddha or the Awakened or the enlightened one.
• The Buddha preached his first sermon at the holy city of Benares on the River Ganges.
• Kisa Gotami’s only son had died.
• She had lost her senses and carried the dead boy to all her neighbours.
• She asked them for medicines to cure him.
• She prayed the Buddha to give such medicine that night to cure her son.
• The Buddha asked Kisa Gotami to bring a handful of mustard seeds.
• She went from house to house and had no problem in getting a handful of mustard seeds. However, she did have a problem with finding a house where no one had died.
• She considered the fate of men and realised that she was selfish in grief. Death is common to all. Surrendering all selfishness leads to immortality.
• All earthen pots end in being broken. The world is afflicted with death and decay.
• He who has overcome all sorrows, will become blessed and enlightened one.

Answer

Buddha’s Early Life: Gautama Buddha (563 B.C. — 483 B.C.) was born as a prince. He was named Siddhartha Gautama. At the age of ten, he was sent away for schooling. He studied Hindu sacred scriptures. He was married to a princess at the age of sixteen. He had a son. Ten years of his married life were spent in royal luxuries. At the age of 25, he chanced upon a sick man, then an aged man, and then a funeral procession. Finally, he saw a monk begging for alms. These sights moved him. He gave up the luxuries of royal life. He set out in search of enlightenment. After wandering for seven years, finally, he meditated under a fig tree. Enlightened after seven days, he renamed the tree as the Bodhi Tree. It was the Tree of Wisdom. He became known as the Buddha — the Awakened or the Enlightened one. The Buddha preached his first sermon at Benares, the holy city on the Ganges.

Kisa Gotami’s Only Son Died: Kisa Gotami’s only son had died. She was deeply grieved. She carried her dead son to all her neighbours. She asked them for medicine. The people thought that she had lost her senses. At last, a man advised her to go to Sakyamuni, the Buddha. She went to him and requested to give some medicine that could ewe her son.

Answer

गौतम बुद्ध का जन्म 563 ई०पू० में हुआ था। उसका जन्म एक शाही परिवार में हुआ था । वह एक राजकुमार था ।उसका नाम सिद्धार्थ गौतम था । बारह साल की उम्र में उसे स्कूली शिक्षा के लिए भेजा गया ।उसने सारे पवित्र हिन्दू धार्मिक ग्रंथों का अध्ययन किया । वह चार वर्ष बाद लौटा । सोलह साल की उम्र में उसकी शादी एक राजकुमारी से हुई । उनका एक बेटा हुआ । दस साल तक इस युगल ने बड़ा प्रसन्नतापूर्वक जीवन व्यतीत किया । सिद्धार्थ को अब तक संसार के दुःखों से दूर रखा गया था । मगर हब वह पच्चीस साल का था तो सिद्धार्थ ने एक बीमार व्यक्ति देखा, फिर एक बूढा व्यक्ति देखा और फिर उसने एक शय-यात्रा

देखी । अंत में , एक भिक्षु को देखा जो भीख माँग रहा था यह उसका जीवन की वास्तविकताओं से पहला साक्षात्कार था । इन द्रश्यों ने उसे उदास कर दिया कि उसने सांसारिक सुखों को त्याग देने का प्रण कर लिया । उसने अपने परिवार को छोड़ दिया और भिक्षु बन गया । वह संसार में आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान की खोज में निकल पड़ा ।

सिद्धार्थ गौतम सात साल तक ज्ञान और सच्चाई की खोज में भटकता रहा । अंतमें वह मनन करने के लिए एक वट वृक्ष के नीचे बैठ गया । उसने प्रण किया कि वह वहाँ पर तब बैठा रहेगा जब तक उसे ज्ञान की प्राप्ति नहीं हो जाती । सात दिन के बाद उसे आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान मिलता । उसने उस वृक्ष का नाम ‘बोधि वृक्ष’ रख दिया अर्थात् ‘ज्ञान का वृक्ष’ । उसे लोग ‘बुद्ध’ के नाम से जानने लगे अर्थात “ज्ञान वाला” अथवा “जागृत” । उसने शिक्षा देना और ज्ञान और सच का संदेश फैलाना आरंभ कर दिया ।

बुद्ध ने अपना पहला उपदेश बनारस में दिया । यह गंगा कै तट पर सबसे पवित्र स्थान है । उसका पहला उपदेश रहस्यमयी कष्ट अर्थात् मृत्यु के बारे में उसके झान को दर्शाता है । इसमें बुद्ध मृत्यु की सार्वभौमिकता के बारे में बताता है जोकि अटल है और उससे जा सकता।

किसा गौतमी नाम की एक स्त्री का एक मात्र बेटा था । एक दिन उसके बेटे की मृत्यु हो गई । वह चाहती थी कि उसका बेटा फिर से जीवित हो जाए । वह चाहती थी कि कोई ऐसी औषधि मिल जाए जो उसके बेटे को जीवित कर दे। लोगों ने उसे पागल कहा । आखिर उसे एक आदमी मिला । उसने उसे सलाह दी कि वह बुद्ध से मिले । वह बुद्ध के पास गई और उससे प्रार्थना की कि वह उसे कोई औषधि दे ताकि उसका बेटा फिर से जी उठे । काफी गहरे विचार के बाद बुद्ध ने उसे कहा कि वह एक मुठ्ठी भर सरसों के बीज ले आए अंगार एक शर्त थी । उए सरसों उस घर से लानी थी जहाँ कोई भी व्यक्ति नहीं मरा था । किसा गौतमी सरसों लाने कि लिए घर –घर गई । उसे सरसों उस घर से लानी थी जहाँ कोई व्यक्ति नहीं मरा था । मगर ऐसा कोई घर नहीं मिला जहाँ कभी किसी की मृत्यु नहीं हुई हो । शाम तक , वह उदास हो गई और थक गई । उसने शहर की रोशनियाँ देखीं । शीघ्र हीरात का अंधेरा हो गया । अब उसने मनुष्य के भाग्य के बारे में सोचा । अब उसने महसूस क्रिया कि मौत अवश्यम्भावी है । हमसे कोई भी नहीं बच सकता ।

वह बुद्ध के पास लौट आई और उससे आशीर्वाद माँगा । अपने उपदेश में बुद्ध ने उसे बताया क्रि हमारा जीवन संक्षिप्त और कष्टपूर्ण हैं। हर प्राणी जो जन्म लेता है, मरता है । कुम्हार द्धारा बनाया गया बर्तन स्थायी नहीं हैं । एक दिन इसे टूट जाना है । इसी प्रकार हर व्यक्ति को मरना है । मौत किसी को नहीं छोड़ती । कोई पिता अपने बच्चे को नहीं बचा सकता । जबकोई प्रिय मरता है । तो हर व्यक्ति रोता है मगर रोने से मरा हुआ व्यक्ति वापस नहीं आ जाता । इसलिए मौत और कष्ट अटल हैं । अक्लमंद व्यक्ति

अफ़सोस नहीं करते क्योंकि सच को जानते है । रोने से मन को शांति नहीं मिलती । इसके विपरीत विलाप करने से व्यक्ति की पीड़ा बढ़ जाती है । उसके शरीर को भी कष्ट होता है । वह व्यक्ति जिसने अपने दुख पर काबू पाना सीख लिया है, उसे मन की शांति मिलती है । जिसने अपने दुःख पर काबू पा लिया है, उस आशीर्वाद मिलता है ।