Madam Rides the Bus

Summary of Madam Rides the Bus Class 10 First Flight

CBSE NCERT Revision Notes

1

Summary of the Chapter

Answer

This is a story about the first bus journey of an eight-year-old girl. Her name was Valliammai. She was called Valli for short. She was a curious girl. She wanted to know many things. She did not have playmates of her own age. Her favourite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house to see what was happening outside.
Watching the happenings in the street gave her many new unusual experiences. The most fascinating thing of all was the bus that passed through the street each hour. The bus travelled between her village and the nearest town. The sight of the bus was a source of unending joy for Valli. It was a great joy for her to watch new sets of passengers every time the bus passed through the street. As she watched the bus day after day. she developed a wish to have a ride on that bus. Her wish became stronger and stronger until it was an overwhelming desire.
Valli carefully listened to the conversations between her neighbours and people who had travelled on the bus or who regularly used it. She asked some casual questions also. In this way, she learnt about small details about the journey. She came to know that the town was six miles away from her village. It took forty-five minutes to reach there. The fare was thirty paise for one way. One could keep sitting on the bus and return to the village by paying another thirty paise. Valli planned her journey to the town and back. It would be her first journey out of her village. She saved every paisa by resisting her desire to buy ice cream, toys, balloons etc. She had also killed her desire to visit the village fair and have a ride on the merry-go-round. When she had saved sixty paise, she was ready for her first bus journey.
Then she planned how she would slip out of the house. She knew that her mother slept daily after lunch. She decided to use these hours for her journey. She decided to board the bus at one oтАЩclock so that she could be back by two forty-five. So one fine spring day Valli boarded the bus. The conductor was so seeing her confidence, he allowed her to board the bus. He was a jolly fellow. He understood that Valli spoke with pride. He called her Madam and offered a seat. He asked others to make way for the тАШmadamтАЩ. There were only six or seven passengers on the bus. They were all looking at Valli. They and the conductor have overcome her shyness, quickly walked to an empty seat and sat down.
Valli looked around her in the bus. The bus had a fine painting of green stripes on the white. It had soft and comfortable seats. It had a beautiful clock above the windscreen. The overhead bars shone like silver. Then she tried to look outside. She found her view cut off by a curtain that covered the lower part of her window, so she stood on her seat to enjoy the outside scene, The bus was going along the bank of a canal. She saw palm trees, mountains and the blue sky. On the other side, there were green fields. Suddenly an elderly man warned Valli not to stand on the seat. He called her a child and said that she could fall and get hurt. But Valli does not care for him. She told him proudly that she was not a тАШchildтАЩ. She had paid the full fare like the others. The conductor told the man that Valli was a grown-up madam. Valli looked at the conductor angrily said that she was not a madam. The conductor told her that she should not stand on the seat. She could fall when the bus took sharp turns. But Valli ignored his remarks also.
On the way, the bus stopped and some new passengers got on. Afraid of losing her seat, Valli finally sat elderly woman came and sat beside her. Valli looked at the woman. She found her repulsive. She had ugly earrings. She was chewing betel. Valli could see that the Beetlejuice was likely to spill over her lips. That woman asked Valli whether she was travelling all alone. Valli told her that she was alone and She got a ticket too. Then the old woman asked her if it was proper for a child to travel alone. She also asked whether Valli knew exactly where she was going in town. Valli told the old woman that she need not bother about her. Then she turned her face toward the window.
The bus moved on across a bare landscape. Valli enjoyed the outside scene. Trees came running towards them. Sometimes, the bus seemed to strike the oncoming vehicle. But both passed safely. Suddenly Valli clapped her hands with joy. A cow was running in the middle of the road, in front of the bus. The bus slowed down. The driver sounded the horn again and again. But the cow became more frightened and continued running before the bus. Valli laughed and laughed until there were tears in her eyes. At last the cow moved off the mad. The bus passed by the side of a railway crossing. Valli enjoyed the scene of trains. Then the bus catered the city area. There were huge crowds of people. Valli looked at different things with surprise. Then the bus reached the city bus stand and stopped. Everybody got off the bus except Valli. The conductor asked Valli to get down.
But she told him that she was going back on the same bus. He was surprised and asked her why she had come to the city. She replied that she just wanted to take a ride on the bus. He asked Valli if she would like to have a look at the sights outside the bus. Valli said that she was afraid of that. He asked to have a cold drink. Valli said that she did not have enough money for that. The conductor offered to pay for her drink. But Valli did not accept the offer.
The bus resumed its return journey. There were the same wonderful sights. Valli enjoyed the scene again. But suddenly she saw a young cow lying dead, by the roadside. It had been struck by a fast moving vehicle. She asked the conductor if it was the same cow they saw earlier. The conductor nodded. Valli became tad. It had been a lovable, beautiful creature just a little while ago. But now the cow was without its charm and its life. The bus moved on. The memory of the dead cow haunted Valli. She no longer wanted to see out of the window. She kept sitting on her seat until her village came. She got down and wished the conductor to see him. The conductor smiled. He told Valli that whenever she felt like riding the bus she could come and join them.
Valli reached home. She found her mother was awake. She was talking to her aunt who lived in Sloth Street. She was a chatterbox. She asked Valli where she had been. But Valli just smiled. Her mother and aunt were discussing things outside the world. Her mother said that no one could know everything.┬а At this Valli remarked that there were many things happening without our knowledge┬а Her mother asked what she meant. ValliтАЩs aunt called her a chit of a girl. She took an interest in things which did not concern her. She behaved as if she were a grown-up lady. Valli smiled to herself. She didnтАЩt want them to understand her smile.

2

Quick Revision Notes

Answer

  • Valli was an eight-year-old girl.
  • The most fascinating thing for her was the bus that travelled between her village and the nearest town.
  • She wanted to ride the bus.
  • She made elaborate planning and saved sixty paise тАФboth ways fare of the bus.
  • The bus conductor stretched out his hand to help her up but Valli could get on by herself.
  • The conductor was fond of joking and called her тАШmadamтАЩ.
  • The bus started with a roar and Valli was constantly looking outside.
  • The conductor asked her to sit down as she had paid for her seat.
  • She took her seat and an elderly woman sat beside her.
  • The old woman was very repulsive and the smell of the betel she was chewing offended, Valli.
  • The old woman asked why Valli was travelling alone.
  • Valli asked her not to bother about her.
  • Suddenly, a young cow came running very fast in the middle of the road.
  • The driver sounded his horn loudly but the more he honked, the more frightened the animal would become.
  • Valli laughed at the scene until tears came to her eyes.
  • Her destination had come. The driver asked Valli to get off the bus.
  • Valli handed thirty paise coins to the driver and told him that she was going back on the same bus.
  • The conductor was surprised. He offered a free cold drink to her.
  • Valli firmly, but politely, rejected the offer.
  • He asked if her mother wouldnтАЩt be looking for her.
  • On her return journey, she saw the same cow lying dead by the side of the road.
  • The memory of the dead cow haunted her and she was no longer looking outside.
  • She reached her village at 3.40 p.m.
  • She wished and hoped to see the driver again.
  • She found her mother awake and talking to one of her aunts.
  • Her aunt was a chatterbox.
  • Valli agreed that many things were happening outside without their knowledge.

3

Character Sketches from Madam Rides the Bus

Answer

Valliammai: She emerges as a very clever, sensitive, self-respecting and fun-loving girl. She was just eight years old. She was a determined girl with a commanding nature. She was very curious about things. He favourite pastime was standing in the front doorway of her house. She was mature, clever and practical beyond her years. Saving sixty paise was not an easy job for a girl of her age. She was determined to resist any temptation that came in her way. Valli didnтАЩt like being called a тАШmadamтАЩ or тАШa childтАЩ. She was a great planner and planned things after knowing all the necessary details about them.

4

Summary of Madam Rides the Bus in Hindi

Answer

рдпрд╣ рдХрд╣рд╛рдиреА рдЖрда рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдХреА рдПрдХ рд▓реЬрдХреА рдХреА рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдмрд╕ рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХреА рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдирд╛рдо рд╡рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдорд╛рдпреА рдерд╛ ред рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрдЭреЗрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХрд╣рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛ редрд╡рд╣ рдПрдХ рдЬрд┐рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рд╕реБ рд▓реЬрдХреА рдереАред рд╡рд╣ рдмрд╣реБрдд рд╕реЗ рдЪреАреЫреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрд╛рдирдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рддреА рдереА ред рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдХреЗ рдЦреЗрд▓ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдереА рдирд╣реАрдВ рдереЗ ред рдЙрд╕рдХрд╛ рдкрд╕рдВрджреАрджрд╛ рд╢реМрдХ рдерд╛ -рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдШрд░ рдХреЗ рджрд░рд╡рд╛рдЬреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЦреЬрд╛ рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рдирд╛ рдФрд░ рджреЗрдЦрдирд╛ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реЛ рд░рд╣рд╛ рд╣реИ ред

рдЧрд▓реА рдХреА рдШрдЯрдирд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрдиреЗ -рд╕реЗ рдЕрд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдг рдЕрдиреБрднрд╡ рд╣реБрдП ред рдЗрдирдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдЖрдХрд░реНрд╖рдХ рдЪреАреЫ рдереА рд╡рд╣ рдмрд╕ рдЬреЛ рдЧрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рд╣рд░ рдШрдВрдЯреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдЧреБрдЬрд░рддреА рдереА ред рд╡рд╣ рдмрд╕ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдЧрд╛рдБрд╡ рдФрд░ рдирдЬрджреАрдХ рдХреЗ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдЪрд▓рддреА рдереА ред рдмрд╕ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрдирд╛ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрд╕реАрдорд┐рдд рдкреНрд░рд╕рдиреНрдирддрд╛ рдХрд╛ рд╕реНрд░реЛрдд рдерд╛ ред рдЬрдм рднреА рдмрд╕ рдЧрд▓реА рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдЧреБрдЬрд░рддреА рдереА рддреЛ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╣рд░ рдмрд╛рд░ рдирдП рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рджреЗрдЦрдирд╛ рдПрдХ рдмреЬреА рдЦреБрд╢реА рдХреА рдмрд╛рдд рдереА ред рдмрд╕ рдХреЛ рджрд┐рди-рдкреНрд░рддрд┐рджрд┐рди рджреЗрдЦрддреЗ рд░рд╣рдиреЗ рд╕реЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреНрджрд░ рдПрдХ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рдкреИрджрд╛ рд╣реЛ рдЧрдИ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рднреА рдмрд╕ рдХреА рд╕рд╡рд╛рд░реА рдХрд░реЗ ред рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдпрд╣ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдореЫрдмреВрдд рд╣реЛрддреА рдЧрдИ рдФрд░ рдПрдХ рджрд┐рди рдпрд╣ рдмрд╣реБрдд рддреАрд╡реНрд░ рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рдмрди рдЧрдИ ред

рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдкреЬреЛрд╕рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдЙрди рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рдХреА рдмрд╛рддрдЪреАрдд рдХреЛрдзреНрдпрд╛рди рд╕реЗ рд╕реБрдирддреА рдереА рдЬреЛ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЮрд░ рдХрд░рдЪреБрдХреЗ рдереЗ рдпрд╛ рдЬреЛ рдирд┐рдпрдорд┐рдд рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдХреБрдЫ рд╕рд╛рдорд╛рдиреНрдп рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╢реНрди рднреА рдкреВрдЫреЗ ред рдЗрд╕ рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЫреЛрдЯреА тАУрдЫреЛрдЯреА рдмрд╛рддреЗрдВ рднреА рдЬрд╛рди рд▓реАрдВ ред рдЙрд╕реЗ рдкрддрд╛ рдЪрд▓рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдЧрд╛рдБрд╡ рд╕реЗ рдЫ: рдореАрд▓ рджреВрд░ рд╣реИ редрд╡рд╣рд╛рдБ рддрдХ рдкрд╣реБрдБрдЪрдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдкреИрдВрддрд╛рд▓рд┐рд╕ рдорд┐рдирдЯ рд▓рдЧрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ ред рдПрдХ рддрд░рдл рдХрд╛ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдпрд╛ рддреАрд╕ рдкреИрд╕реЗ рд╣реИ ред рдХреЛрдИ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдЪрд╛рд╣реЗ рддреАрд╕ рдкреИрд╕реЗ рдФрд░ рджреЗрдХрд░ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдмреИрдард╛ рд░рд╣ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рдЧрд╛рдБрд╡ рдореЗрдВ рдЖ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рдлрд┐рд░ рд╡рд╣рд╛рдБ рд╕реЗ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рдЖрдиреЗ рдХреА рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдИ ред рдпрд╣ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЧрд╛рдБрд╡ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧреА ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЖрдИрд╕рдХреНрд░реАрдо,рдЦрд┐рд▓реМрдиреЗ ,рдЧреБрдмреНрдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдЖрджрд┐ рдЦрд░реАрджрдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рдХреЛ рджрдмрд╛рдХрд░ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ рдкреИрд╕рд╛ рдмрдЪрд╛рдпрд╛ редред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЧреЙрд╡ рдХреЗ рдореЗрд▓реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдФрд░ рд╡рд╣рд╛рдБ рдкрд░ рдЭреВрд▓реЗ рдХрд╛ рдЖрдирдиреНрдж рдЙрдард╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рдЕрдкрдиреА рдЗрдЪреНрдЫрд╛ рдХреЛ рднреА рджрдмрд╛рдпрд╛ ред рдЬрдм рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕ рд╕рд╛рда рдкреИрд╕реЗ рдЗрдХрдЯреНрдареЗ рд╣реЛ рдЧрдП рддреЛ рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдкрд╣рд▓реА рдмрд╕ рдХреА рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рддреИрдпрд╛рд░ рдереА ред

рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдпреЛрдЬрдирд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдИ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рдШрд░ рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдирд┐рдХрд▓реЗрдЧреА ред рд╡рдб рдЬрд╛рдирддреА рдереА рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдорд╛рдд рд░реЛрдЬ рджреЛрдкрд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдЦрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рд╕реЛрддреА рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЙрди рдШрдВрдЯреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдЕрдкрдиреА рдпрд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдкреНрд░рдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рдмрд╛рдд рд╕реЛрдЪреАред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдлреИрд╕рд▓рд╛ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдПрдХ рдмрдЬреЗ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд░ рд╣реЛрдЧреА рддрд╛рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рддреЛ рдмрдЬрдХрд░ рдкреИрдВрддрд╛рд▓рд┐рд╕ рдорд┐рдирдЯ рддрдХ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рд▓реМрдЯ рдЖрдП ред рдЗрд╕рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░, рдмрд╕рдВрдд рдХреЗ рдПрдХ рд╕реБрдВрджрд░ рджрд┐рди рдХреЛ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд░ рд╣реБрдИ редрдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рд╣реИрд░рд╛рди рд╣реЛ рдЧрдпрд╛ ; рдордЧрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд╡рд╛рд╕ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрдХрд░ ,рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдлрд░ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ редрд╡рд╣ рдПрдХ рд╣рдБрд╕рдореБрдЦ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдерд╛ ред рд╡рд╣ рд╕рдордЭрддрд╛ рдерд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдЧрд░реНрд╡ рд╕реЗ рдмреЛрд▓ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЛ тАШрдореИрдбрдотАЩ рдХрд╣рдХрд░рдкреБрдХрд╛рд░рд╛ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдПрдХ рд╕реАрдЯ рджреА ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рджреВрд╕рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рднреА тАШрдореИрдбрдотАЩ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд░рд╛рд╕реНрддрд╛ рдмрдирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдХрд╣рд╛ ред рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ рдЫрд╣ рдпрд╛ рд╕рд╛рддрдпрд╛рддреНрд░реА рд╣реА рдереЗ ред рд╡реЗ рд╕рднреА рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦ рд░рд╣реЗ рдереЗ ред рд╡реЗ рдФрд░ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рд╣рдБрд╕ рд░рд╣реЗ рдереЗ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рд╢рд░реНрдореАрд▓реЗрдкрди рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рдмреВ рдкрд╛рдпрд╛, рдЬрд▓реНрджреА рд╕реЗ рдПрдХ рдЦрд╛рд▓реА рд╕реАрдЯ рдкрд░ рдмреИрда рдЧрдИ ред

рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЪрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдУрд░ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ ред рдмрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдлреЗрдж рд░рдВрдЧ рдкрд░ рд╕реБрдВрджрд░ рд╣рд░реА рдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдпреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдкреЗрдВрдЯ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рдерд╛ ред рдЗрд╕рдХреА рд╕реАрдЯреЗрдВ рдирд░рдо рдФрд░ рдЖрд░рд╛рдорджрд╛рдпрдХ рдереАрдВ ред рд╣рд╡рд╛ рд░реЛрдХрдиреЗ рд╡рд╛рд▓реЗ рд╢реАрд╢реЗ рдХреЗ рдКрдкрд░ рдПрдХ рд╕реБрдВрджрд░ рджреАрд╡рд╛рд░ рдШреЬреА рд▓рдЧреА рд╣реБрдЗрдВ рдереА ред рдКрдкрд░ рдХрд╛ рдбрдВрдбрд╛ рдЪрд╛рдБрджреА рдХреА рддрд░рд╣ рдЪрдордХ рд░рд╣рд╛ рдерд╛ редрддрдм рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдЭрд╛рдБрдХрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрддреНрди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдЭрд╛рдБрдХрдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдкреНрд░рдпрддреНрди рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдХрд╛ рджреГрд╢реНрдп рдПрдХ рдкрд░реНрджреЗ рд╕реЗ рд░реБрдХрд╛ рд╣реБрдЖ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдиреЗ рдЦрд┐реЬрдХреА рдХреЗ рдиреАрдЪреЗ рдХреЗ рднрд╛рдЧ рдХреЛ рдврдХ рд░рдЦрд╛ рдерд╛ ред рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдиреЫрд╛рд░реЗ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╕реАрдЯ рдкрд░ рдЦреЬреА рд╣реЛ рдЧрдИ ред рдмрд╕ рдПрдХ рдирд╣рд░ рдХреЗ рдХрд┐рдирд╛рд░реЗ рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рде тАУрд╕рд╛рде рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рдереА редрдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЦрдЬреВрд░ рдХреЗ рд╡реГрдХреНрд╖реЛрдВ, рдкрд╣рд╛реЬреЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдиреАрд▓реЗ рдЖрд╕рдорд╛рди рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ ред рджреВрд╕рд░реА рддрд░рдл, рд╣рд░реЗ рдЦреЗрдд рдереЗ ред рдЕрдЪрд╛рдирдХ рдПрдХ рд╡реГрджреНрдз рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЪреЗрддрд╛рд╡рдиреА рджреА рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рд╕реАрдЯ рдкрд░ рдЦреЬреА рди рд╣реЛ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдмрдЪреНрдЪреА рдХрд╣рдХрд░ рдкреБрдХрд╛рд░рд╛ рдФрд░ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рдЧрд┐рд░ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЪреЛрдЯ рд▓рдЧ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ редрдордЧрд░ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдкрд░рд╡рд╛рд╣ рдирд╣реАрдВ рдХреА ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдЧрд░реНрд╡ рд╕реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ тАШрдмрдЪреНрдЪреАтАЩ рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд▓реЛрдЧреЛрдВ рдХреА рддрд░рд╣ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд┐рд░рд╛рдпрд╛ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рд╣реИ ред рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕ рдЙрд╕ рд╡реНрдпрдХреНрддрд┐ рдХреЛ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдПрдХ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╕рд┐рдд рдореИрдбрдо рд╣реИрдВ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рдХреЛ рдЧреБрд╕реНрд╕реЗ рд╕реЗ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдФрд░ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рдореИрдбрдо рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реИ ред рдкрд░рд┐рдЪрд╛рд▓рдХ рдиреЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╕реАрдЯ рдкрд░ рдЦреЬреА рдирд╣реАрдВ рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП ред рдЬрдм рдмрд╕ рдПрдХрджрдо рдореЛреЬ рд▓реЗрдЧреА рддреЛ рд╡рд╣ рдЧрд┐рд░ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИ ред рдордЧрд░ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕рдХреА рдмрд╛рддреЛрдВ рдХрд┐ рднреА рдЙрдкреЗрдХреНрд╖рд╛ рдХрд░ рджреА ред

рд░рд╛рд╕реНрддреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдмрд╕ рд░реБрдХреА рдФрд░ рдХреБрдЫ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдпрд╛рддреНрд░реА рд╕рд╡рд╛рд░ рд╣реБрдП ред рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╕реАрдЯ рдЦреЛ рджреЗрдиреЗ рдХреЗ рднрдп рд╕реЗ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдЖрдЦрд┐рд░ рдмреИрда рдЧрдИ ред рдПрдХ рдмреБрдЬреБрд░реНрдЧ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдЖрдИ рдФрд░ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕ рдмреИрда рдЧрдИ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдХреЛ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ ред рдЙрд╕реЗ рд╡рд╣ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдШреГрдгрд┐рддрдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд▓рдЧреА ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдмреЬреА рдФрд░ рдЧрдВрджреА рд╡рд╛рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛рдБ рдкрд╣рдиреА рд╣реБрдИ рдереАрдВ ред рд╡рд╣ рдкрд╛рди рдЪрдмрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рдереА ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рджреЗрдЦрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдкрд╛рди рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рд╣реЛрдареЛрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХрднреА рднреА рдЧрд┐рд░ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕ рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдиреЗ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рд╕реЗ рдкреВрдЫрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдХреЗрд▓реА рд╕рдлрд░ рдХрд░ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕реЗ рдмрддрд╛рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╣ рдЕрдХреЗрд▓реА рд╣реИ рдФрд░ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдкрд╛рд╕ рдЯрд┐рдХрдЯ рднреА рд╣реИ ред рддрдм рдЙрд╕ рдмреВреЭреА рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рдиреЗ рдкреВрдЫрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдПрдХ рдмрдЪреНрдЪреА рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдХреЗрд▓реЗ рд╕рдлрд░ рдХрд░рдирд╛ рдЙрдЪрд┐рдд рд╣реИ ред рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдпрд╣ рднреА рдкреВрдЫрд╛ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдЬрд╛рдирддреА рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рд╢реНрдЪрд┐рдд рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛рдБ рдЬрд╛ рд░рд╣реА рд╣реИ ред рд╡рд▓реНрд▓реА рдиреЗ рдЙрд╕ рдмреВрдвреА рдорд╣рд┐рд▓рд╛ рд╕реЗ рдХрд╣рд╛ рдХрд┐ рдмрд╣ рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЪрд┐рдВрддрд╛ рди рдХрд░реЗрдВ ред рддрдм рдЙрд╕рдиреЗ рдЕрдкрдирд╛ рдЪреЗрд╣рд░рд╛ рдЦрд┐реЬрдХреА рдХреА рдУрд░ рдХрд░ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ ред