Summary of A Truly Beautiful Mind Class 9 Beehive

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Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in the German city of Ulm. He was a normal-looking child. His mother thought him an abnormal child. He began to speak very late. And when he spoke he repeated each word twice. The other children made fun of him. So he used to play all alone. lie loved to play with mechanical toys. When he was six years old, he learnt to play the violin.
Albert Einstein went to high school in Munich. He was a good student. Ile scored good marks in all subjects. But he did not like the strict discipline of the school. He often got clashed with his teachers. So he left school for good.
After long discussions, he agreed to continue his study in Switzerland. He was highly gifted in mathematics and interested in physics. After passing high school, he joined Zurich University. There he got interested in a fellow student Mileva Marie. He found an ally in her. She was a young Serb. She was very intelligent. They fell in love and later they got married in 1903.

Albert graduated in 1900, at the age of 21. He was unemployed. the lie worked as a teaching assistant. In 1902, he got the job of a technical expert in a patent office in Bern. His job was to assess other people’s discoveries. He was secretly developing his own ideas. He published his famous paper in 1905 on ‘Special Theory of Relativity’, according to which time and distance are not absolute.

Einstein’s new personal chapter coincided with his rise to world fame. In 1915, he had published his ‘General Theory of Relativity’, which provided a new interpretation of gravity. Einstein has correctly calculated in advance the extent to which the light from fixed stars would be deflected through the sun’s gravitational field. Einstein received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. He was showered with honours and invitations from all over the world and lauded by the press.

When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Einstein emigrated to the United States. Five years later, the discovery of nuclear fission in Berlin had American physicists in an uproar.

At the urging of a colleague, Einstein wrote a letter to the American president Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 2, 1939, in which he warned against the danger of atom bombs. His words influenced Roosevelt. The Americans developed the atomic bomb in a secret project of their own and dropped it on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

Einstein was deeply shaken by the extent of the destruction. This time he wrote a long letter to the United Nations. In it, he proposed the formation of a world government. Einstein got ever more involved in politics using his popularity to campaign for peace and democracy. When Einstein died in 1955 at the age of 76. he was celebrated as a visionary and world citizen as much as a scientific genius.

Answer

• Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
• This lesson throws a light on his life and his works in the field of science and world politics. the lie was born on March 14, 1879, in the German city of Ulm.
• He was a normal looking child. But he had some deficiencies as a child.
• He began to speak very late and when he spoke he repeated every word twice.
• His playmates made fun of him. His parents were not even so careful about him.
• But from his childhood, he had a big interest in science. He was good at studies.
• He always got good marks but he did not like the strict discipline of the school. So, he left the school for good.
• He agreed to study in Switzerland which has a liberal atinosphere. There he got interested in a fellow student Mileva Mark. Later he married her.
• He worked on different scientific theories.
• He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. He was showered with honours and invitations from all over the world.
• When America dropped atom bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki he was deeply shaken. He proposed for the formation of the world government.
• He worked for the development of peace and democracy in the work until he died in 1955. He is remembered even today as a ‘world’s citizen.

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Albert Einstein: He has been portrayed as a great intellectual genius and a peace-loving human being with liberal ideas. As an intellectual, he created a revolution in the field of science, particularly physics. Ma human beings, he spread the message of love, liberty, and peace.
During his childhood, Einstein did not show any traces of intelligence. He was a slow child who started speaking very late. Even his mother considered him to be a freak and the headmaster of his school had such a negative opinion about him that he stated that Einstein would never achieve success in any career that he chi” However, Einstein proved to be a good student as he had s13’en interest and skills in mathematics and physics and he also scored in all other subjects.
Einstein’s love for freedom dated back to his school days. He felt suffocated in his school in Munich because of excessive discipline. He opted to study in Switzerland in a school with a liberal environment. He left Germany for America when the dictatorial Nazis took over because he was averse to every type of authority.
Though a great scientist, Einstein was a lover of arts and literature. He was against philistinism (ignorance of or hostility towards art and culture). He fell in love with a Serbian girl Mileva Maric because she held similar ideas about art. As a scientist, his theories of relativity and gravity created a stir in the world of science. He was awarded the Nobel Prize and got numerous other honours.
Einstein was a great lover of mankind. He wanted a world government. He was perturbed by the destructive use of science when the atom bomb was dropped over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He spent the rest of his life spreading the message of peace and democracy. Thus, Einstein’s traits as a scientific genius and a peace-loving human being with a deep love for freedom are amply highlighted in this biographical account.

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एल्बर्ट आइंसटाईन का जन्म 14 मार्च , 1879 को जर्मनी के उल्म नामक शहर में हुआ था । वह एक सामान्य-सा दिखाई पड़ने वाला बालक था । उसकी माता तो उसे एक विचित्र बालक मानती थी । उसने बहुत देरी से बोलना शुरू किया । ओर जब वह बोलता था तो प्रत्येक शब्द को दो बार बोलता था । दुसरे बच्चे उसका मजाक उड़ाते थे । इसलिए वह अकेला ही खेलता रहता था । वह मैकेनिकल (यांत्रिक) खिलौनों के साथ खेलना पसंद करता था । जब वह मात्र 15 बर्ष का था तो उसने वायलिन बजाना सीख था ।

एलबर्ट आइंसटाईन को म्यूनिख में उच्च-विद्यालय में भेजा गया । वह एक अच्छा विद्यार्थी था । वह सभी विषयों में अच्छे अंक प्राप्त करता था । लेकिन उसे स्कूल का कठोर अनुशासन पसंद नहीं था । वह प्राय: अपने अध्यापकों के साथ झगड़ पड़ता था । इसलिए उसने हमेशा के लिए ही स्कूल को छोड़ दिया ।

लंबे वार्तालाप के पश्चात वह स्विटूजरलैंड में अपनी पढाई को जारी रखने के लिए सहमत हो गया । गणित में तो वह बहुत विशिष्टता प्राप्त था तथा भौतिकी में भी उसकी बहुत रुचि थी । हाई स्कूल की परीक्षा पास करने के पश्चात उसने ज्यूरिक विश्वविद्यालय में प्रवेश ले लिया । यहाँ उसकी अपनी एक सहपाठी मिलेवा मैरिक से लगाव हो गया । उसने उसमें एक साथी ढूंढ लिया । वह एक युवा सर्वियाई युवती थी । वह वहुत ही बुद्धिमान थी । उन दोनों में प्यार हो गया और बाद में दोनों ने 1903 में शादी कर ली ।

एल्बर्ट ने सन 1900 में 21 वर्ष की आयु में स्नातक की उपाधि प्राप्त की । वह बेरोजगार था । उसने एक सहायक शिक्षक की नौकरी कर ली । 1902 में, उसे बर्न में एक पेटेंट कार्यालय में नौकरी मिल गई । उसका कार्य दूसरे लोगों के अविष्कारों का मूल्यांकन करने का था । वह गुप्त रुप से अपने सिद्धांतों को भी विकसित कर रहा था । उसने ‘सापेक्षता के विशेष सिद्धांत’ पर 1905 में अपना विख्यात पत्र प्रकाशित किया, जिसके अनुसार समय और दूरी अपने आप में स्वतंत्र नहीं हैं ।

आइंसटाईन के जीवन का नया अध्याय विश्व में उसके उदय से प्राप्त प्रसिद्धि से मेल खाता है । 1915 में उसने ‘सापेक्षता के सामान्य सिद्धांत’ का प्रकाशन किया , जिसने गुरुत्व-बल की एक नई व्याख्या की । आइंसटाईन ने सही –सही गणना कर ली थी कि स्थिर सितारों से कितने समय में सूर्य गुरुत्व –बल के कारण प्रकाश का अपवर्तन हो जाता है । 1921 में आइंसटाईन को

भौतकी के क्षेत्र में नोबल पुरुस्कार प्राप्त हुआ । उसे सारे विश्व में सम्मान और निमंत्रण – पत्र प्राप्त हुए और मीडिया के माध्यम से प्रसिद्ध हुआ ।

जब 1933 ई. में जर्मनी में नाजीवादी पार्टी सत्ता में आई तो आइंसटाईन जर्मनी छोड़कर अमेरिका चला गया । पांच वर्ष बाद जब जर्मनी ने नाभिकीय विखंडन किया तो अमेरिका के भौतिकीशास्त्री परेशानी में आ गए । अपने एक सहकर्मी की सलाह पर आइंसटाईन ने अमेरिका के राष्ट्रपति फ्रिंकालिन डी. रुजवेल्ट को परमाणु बम के भारी खतरे के बारे में चेतावनी दे डाली । उसके शब्दों ने रूजवेल्ट को प्रभावित किया । अमेरिका वालों ने एक गुप्त योजना के अंतर्गत परमाणु बमों का विकास किया और अगस्त,1945 में उन्हें जापान के हिरोशिमा और नागासाकी शहरों के ऊपर गिराया ।

आइंसटाईन युद्ध को तबाही से बहुत अधिक विचलित हो उठा । इस बार उसने संयुक्त राष्ट्र के नाम एक लम्बा पत्र लिखा जिसमें उसने विश्व सरकार बनाने का प्रस्ताव रखा। आइंसटाईन राजनीति में और अधिक लेने लग गया और उसने ख्याति को शांति और लोकतंत्र की स्थापना में प्रयोग क्रिया । जव 1955 में 76 वर्ष की आयु में आइंसटाईन की मृत्यु हुई तो लोगों ने उसे एक महान वैज्ञानिक के साथ-साथ एक भविष्य-द्रष्टा तथा विश्व नागरिक के रूप में भी याद किया ।