New Beginnings: Cities and States

VSAQ for Chapter 4 New Beginnings: Cities and States Class 7 Social Science NCERT

Important Questions

1

Q1: What was India’s First Urbanisation?

Answer

India’s First Urbanisation refers to the Harappan Civilisation that ended around 2000 BCE.

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2

Q2: When did India’s Second Urbanisation begin?

Answer

India’s Second Urbanisation began in the 1st millennium BCE.
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3

Q3: What are janapadas?

Answer

Janapadas were early settlements or territories formed by clans in north India.
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4

Q4: What does the word "janapada" literally mean?

Answer

"Janapada" means "where people set foot".
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5

Q5: Who ruled over a janapada?

Answer

A janapada was ruled by a raja.
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6

Q6: What are mahajanapadas?

Answer

Mahajanapadas were larger states formed by merging janapadas.

Map of 16 Mahajanpadas
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7

Q7: How many mahajanapadas are mentioned in ancient texts?

Answer

Ancient texts mention 16 mahajanapadas.
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8

Q8: Name two powerful mahajanapadas.

Answer

Magadha and Kosala were two powerful mahajanapadas.
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9

Q9: What was the capital of Vatsa?

Answer

The capital of Vatsa was Kauśhāmbī.
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10

Q10: What were the capitals of mahajanapadas known for?

Answer

They were large, fortified cities with moats and narrow gateways.
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11

Q11: What geographical region did many mahajanapadas develop in?

Answer

Many mahajanapadas developed in the Ganga plains.
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12

Q12: Why was the Ganga plain suitable for settlements?

Answer

It had fertile land ideal for agriculture.

Fertile Ganga Plains heped Mahajanpadas to grow
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13

Q13: What natural resource helped make tools and weapons during this period?

Answer

Iron ore from nearby mountains helped make tools and weapons.
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14

Q14: What is a sabhā or samiti?

Answer

Sabhā or samiti was a council of elders advising the raja.
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15

Q15: What kind of rule did monarchies follow?

Answer

Monarchies were hereditary and ruled by a single raja.
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16

Q16: Name one mahajanapada that followed the gana or sangha system.

Answer

Vajji followed the gana or sangha system.
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17

Q17: What is an early example of a democratic system in India?

Answer

The gana-sangha system is an early example of democracy.
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18

Q18: Which texts give us information about this period?

Answer

Late Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain texts give us information about this period.
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19

Q19: What did punch-marked coins look like?

Answer

They were silver coins stamped with symbols.

Punch Marked Coins
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20

Q20: What role did coins play during this time?

Answer

Coins were used for trade within and between regions.
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21

Q21: What is the meaning of jāti?

Answer

Jāti is a group of people with a specific job passed down in families.
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22

Q22: What were the four varnas in Vedic society?

Answer

The four varnas were Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
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23

Q23: What is the English word “caste” derived from?

Answer

The word “caste” comes from the Portuguese word “casta”.
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24

Q24: What is iron metallurgy?

Answer

Iron metallurgy is the use of iron to make tools and weapons.
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25

Q25: What are the Dakshinapatha and Uttarapatha?

Answer

They were ancient trade routes linking different parts of India.
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26

Q26: What does the word janapada literally mean?

Answer

Where people set foot.
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27

Q27: Name any one mahajanapada with a republican form of government.

Answer

Vajji.
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28

Q28: What metal became common for tools and weapons in this period?

Answer

Iron
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29

Q29: What were early Indian coins called?

Answer

Punch-marked coins.
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30

Which ancient capital is now near modern-day Patna?

Answer

Rajagriha.

Varna System
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