Important Questions for Chapter 1 Resources and Development Class 10 Geography
Important Questions1
Which soil is also known as cotton soil?
Answer
Black soil is known as cotton soil.
VSAQ
2
How can resources be classified on the basis of origin?
Answer
On the basis of origin resources can be classified into biotic and abiotic resources.
VSAQ
3
Give two examples of Renewable resources.
Answer
Solar energy and wind energy.
VSAQ
4
What do you mean by ‘international resources’?
Answer
The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone are international resources.
VSAQ
5
What are the factors which help in the formation of soil?
Answer
Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
VSAQ
6
What is resource planning?
Answer
Resource planning is proper and judicious planning of resources.
VSAQ
7
What is Agenda 21?
Answer
Agenda 21 is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
VSAQ
8
What is the meaning of sustainable development?
Answer
Sustainable development means ‘development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.
VSAQ
9
Why only 93% of the total geographical area is measured for land use pattern in India?
Answer
Only 93 per cent of the total geographical area is measured for land use pattern in India because the land use reporting for most of the north-east states except Assam has not been done fully.
VSAQ
10
In which five year plan period, resource planning is introduced in India?
Answer
From the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence, resource planning is introduced in India.
VSAQ
11
What is soil erosion?
Answer
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
VSAQ
12
How much percentage of geographical area should be under forests as per the National Forest policy of 1952 for balance development of country?
Answer
33 per cent of total geographical area should be under forests as per the National Forest policy of 1952 for balance development of country.
VSAQ
13
What is meant by strip cropping?
Answer
Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind. This method is known as strip cropping.
VSAQ
14
What are gullies?
Answer
The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as gullies.
VSAQ
15
What is the importance of equitable distribution of resources?
Answer
The equitable distribution of resources is important for a sustained quality of life and global peace.
VSAQ
16
What do you mean by ‘bad land’?
Answer
The land becomes unfit for cultivation is known as bad land.
VSAQ
1
What is resource planning? Give three phases of resource planning.
Answer
Resource planning is proper and judicious planning of resources. The phases of resource planning are:
• Identification and inventory of resources across various regions of the country. It involves surveying, mapping, qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of the resources.
• Evolving a planning structure, endowed with appropriate technological skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans.
• Matching the resource development with overall national development plans.
SAQ
2
Define resources. How are resources classified?
Answer
Anything which can be used to satisfy our needs, is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’. The resources can be classified into various categories:
• On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
• On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non- renewable
• On the basis of ownership – individual, community, national and international
• On the basis of status of development – potential, developed stock and reserves.
SAQ
3
Describe any three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation?
Answer
Three steps that can be taken to solve the problem of land degradation:
• Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
• Planting of shelter belts of plants and control on over grazing.
• Proper management of waste lands and control of mining activities.
SAQ
4
Describe any three main characteristics of arid soil of India.
Answer
There characteristics of Arid soils in India are:
• These soils range from red to brown in colour
• These soils are generally sandy in texture and saline in nature
• The lower horizons of the soil are occupied by Kankar because of the increasing calcium content downwards.
SAQ
5
Describe the type of resources classified on the basis of exhaustibility.
Answer
The resources on the basis of exhaustibility are classified into two categories:
• Renewable Resources: The resources which can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanical processes are known as renewable or replenishable resources. For example, solar and wind energy, water, forests and wildlife, etc.
• Non-Renewable Resources: These resources take millions of years in their formation. Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of such resources. Some of the resources like metals are recyclable and some like fossil fuels cannot be recycled and get exhausted with their use.
SAQ
6
Describe the steps to control soil erosion in hilly areas?
Answer
The soil erosion in hilly areas can be controlled by:
• Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
• Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces which restricts erosion.
• Strip cropping: Large fields are divided into strips and strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
SAQ
7
Why is resource planning essential?
Answer
It is essential to have resource planning because:
• Resources are limited in supply.
• Resources are unevenly distributed over the surface of the earth.
• Exploitation and over utilisation of resources must be checked.
SAQ
8
Differentiate between Khadar and Bangar. Name any two states where alluvial soils are found.
Answer
Khadar:
(i) These are new alluvial soil.
(ii) These are more fertile.
(iii) These soils has fine particles.
(iv) These are found in the lower reaches of river valleys.
Bangar:
(i) These are old alluvial soil.
(ii) These are less fertile.
(iii) These soils has kankar nodules in it.
(iv) These are found in the upper reaches of river valleys.
Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are two states where alluvial soils are found.
SAQ
9
Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer
Renewable resources:
(i) The resources which get renewed by physical, chemical or mechanical processes.
(ii) These are generally available throughout the world.
(iii) Examples: Solar energy, Wind energy, Water etc.
Non-renewable resources:
(i) These resources occur over a very long geological period of time.
(ii) These are generally unevenly distributed on the earth.
(iii) Examples: Coal, Petroleum, minerals etc.
SAQ
10
State any three physical factors and human factors which determine the use of land in India?
Answer
Three physical factors: Topography, climate and soil types.
Three human factors: Population density, technological capability and culture and traditions.
SAQ
11
Distinguish between red soil and laterite soil.
Answer
Red Soil:
(i) Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall.
(ii) These are found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the
piedmont zone of the Western Ghats.
(iii) These soils develop a reddish colour due to diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks.
Laterite Soil:
(i) The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.
(ii) These are found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Odisha and Assam.
(iii) This is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rain.
SAQ
12
Differentiate between stock resources and reserves.
Answer
Stock: Materials in the environment which can satisfy human needs but we do not have the proper technology to access them are included in stock.
Reserves: Materials in the environment which can be put into use with the help of technical know-how but their use has not been started are included in reserves.
SAQ
13
Explain what is meant by national resources and individual resources?
Answer
National Resources:
(i) Technically all resource available in the country are national resources because the country has the powers to acquire even private property.
(ii) All the minerals, water, forest, wildlife, land without the political boundary and oceanic area up to 12 Nautical miles from the coast are National Resources.
Individual Resources:
(i) The resources that are owned by individuals.
(ii) Plot of land, houses and household goods are examples of individual resources.
SAQ
14
What is soil erosion? Write three human activities that lead to soil erosion.
Answer
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion. Three human factors leading to soil erosion are:
• Deforestation: Cutting down of trees in large numbers.
• Overgrazing: Grazing of cattle, goats heavily damage the vegetation of an area and make land liable to soil
erosion.
• Mining: It damage the landscape of an area.
SAQ
15
Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh? How it can be checked? Explain.
Answer
Large scale of overgrazing has caused severe land degradation in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
It can be checked by:
• Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
• Planting of shelter belts of plants.
• Control on overgrazing.
SAQ
16
Enumerate any three features of regur soil.
Answer
• Regur soil is also known as black soil.
• It is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.
• It is made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.
• They are well-known for their capacity to hold moisture.
SAQ
17
Why is it important to raise the land area under forests?
Answer
It is very important to raise area under forest because:
• Forests are essential for maintenance of the Ecological balance.
• The livelihood of millions of people who live on the fringes of these forests depends upon it.
• Forest also provides a number of goods that are required for industry and medicines etc.
• Forest also helps in soil conservation and rainfall.
SAQ
18
Explain the role of human in resource development.
Answer
• Human beings play a central role in resources development.
• They interact with nature through technology and create institutions to accelerate their economic development.
• There are various regions where natural resources are in abundance but they are not developed such as Africa. Therefore, human are very essential in resource development.
SAQ
19
Explain any three factors of soil formation.
Answer
• The parent rock provides the basic material for the formation of soil.
• Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
• Chemical and organic changes also take place in the soil.
SAQ
20
Why is soil considered as resource? Give any three arguments.
Answer
Soil is the most important renewable natural resource.
• It is the medium of plant growth
• It supports different types of living organisms on the earth.
• It is the base of our life.
SAQ
22
Which geographical factors are responsible for the evolution of black soil? Why is it considered the most suitable for growing cottons?
Answer
Climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of black soil. It is most suitable for growing cottons because:
• It has capacity to hold moisture.
• It is rich in soil nutrients, such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime.
• It develop deep cracks during hot weather, which helps in the proper aeration of the soil.
SAQ
1
What is soil? Analyse the factors which help in the formation of soil.
Answer
The uppermost layer of earth is called soil. It is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth. The four main factors which help in the formation of soil are:
• Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.
• Various forces of nature such as change in temperature, actions of running water, wind and glaciers, activities of decomposers etc. contribute to the formation of soil.
• Chemical and organic changes which take place in the soil are equally important.
LAQ
2
Explain the classification of resources on the basis of ownership.
OR
Provide a suitable classification for resources on the basis of ownership. Mention main features of such resources.
Answer
Classification of resources on the basis of ownership:
• Individual Resources: Resources which are owned privately by individuals such as plots, houses, plantation, pasture lands, ponds etc.
• Community Owned Resources: Resources which are accessible to all the members of the community such as grazing grounds, burial grounds, village ponds etc.
• National Resources: All the resources within the political boundaries and oceanic area upto 12 nautical miles (22.2 km) from the coast termed as territorial water and resources therein belong to the nation.
• International Resources: The oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no individual country can utilise these without the concurrence of international institutions.
LAQ
3
What are the reasons for land degradation? Describe any four measures to conserve land.
Answer
Human activities such as deforestation, over grazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation.
• Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over- burdening. Deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation.
• Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
• The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land.
• Industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.
Measures to control land degradation are:
• Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.
• Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
• Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities.
• Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.
LAQ
4
'Indiscriminate use of resources had led to numerous problems.' Justify this statement.
Answer
Resources are vital for human survival as well as for maintaining the quality of life and it was believed that resources are free gifts of nature. Therefore, human beings used them indiscriminately and this has led to the following major problems.
• Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
• Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, in turn, divided the society into two segments i.e. rich and poor.
• Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as, global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.
LAQ
5
Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India. Explain three human activities responsible for soil erosion.
Answer
Types of soil erosion mostly observed in India are:
• Gullies: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. The land becomes unfit for cultivation due to this known as bad land.
• Sheet erosion: Water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In such cases the top soil is washed away which is known as sheet erosion.
Three human activities responsible for soil erosion are:
• Deforestation: Cutting down of trees in large numbers.
• Overgrazing: Grazing of cattle, goats heavily damage the vegetation of an area and make land liable to soil erosion.
• Mining: It damage the landscape of an area. Sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening.
LAQ
1
How can you contribute to minimize the pollution. Explain.
Answer
We can contribute to minimize the pollution by:
• Planting more plants and trees.
• Using non-conventional sources of energy such as solar and wind energy.
• Using public transport instead of personal car/ motor bike etc.
• Using water and electricity efficiently.
VBQ
1
‘Indiscriminate use of resources had led to numerous problems.’ Justify this statement.
Answer
Resources are vital for human survival and it was believed that resources are free gift of nature. The indiscriminate use of resources led to the below problems:
• To satisfy the greed of few individuals, depletion of resources has continued.
• Due to the accumulation of resources in few hands, the society gets divided into two segments, i.e., rich and poor.
• Indiscriminate use of resources has led to ecological crises, e.g., ozone layer depletion, land degradation, global warming and environmental pollution.
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