Important Questions for Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Geography
Important Questions1
By which development, the economic strength of the country is measured?
Answer
The development of the manufacturing industries.
VSAQ
2
Why has the ‘National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council’ been Set-up?
Answer
To improve the productivity, economist predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decades.
VSAQ
3
Name three human inputs that control location of industries.
Answer
Human inputs that control location of industries are Labour, market and Transport facilities.
VSAQ
4
What are light industries?
Answer
Industries that use light raw materials and produce light goods are called light industries.
VSAQ
5
Name four important cotton textile centres of Maharashtra.
Answer
The cotton textile centres of Maharashtra are Mumbai, Solapur, Pune and Nagpur.
VSAQ
6
Name two most important sugar producing states of India.
Answer
Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
VSAQ
7
Name three major air pollutants.
Answer
Air borne dust, smoke and undesirable gases are three major air pollutants.
VSAQ
8
What do you mean agglomeration economies?
Answer
Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.
VSAQ
9
How does industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand?
Answer
Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc. to industry.
VSAQ
10
Where were manufacturing units located in Pre-independence period?
Answer
From the point of view of overseas trade such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, etc.
VSAQ
11
Which Industries are called basic or key Industries?
Answer
Industries which supply their products or raw materials to manufacturing other goods are called basic or key Industries, e.g., iron and steel and copper smelting and aluminium smelting.
VSAQ
12
What are consumer Industries?
Answer
Consumer Industries are the industries that produce goods for direct use by consumers, e.g., sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, etc.
VSAQ
13
Where was the first successful textile mill established?
Answer
Bombay.
VSAQ
14
Name a factor which has once again opened the opportunity for jute product?
Answer
Increasing concern for the use of biodegradable materials.
VSAQ
15
Which agency market steel for the public sector plants?
Answer
SAIL.
VSAQ
16
Which city is known as electronic capital of India?
Answer
Bengaluru.
VSAQ
1
Describe the importance of manufacturing sector in countries like India.
OR
“The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries”. Justify this statement with examples.
Answer
• Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture;
• They also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs.
• Industrial development reduces unemployment and poverty:
• It also brings down regional disparities.
SAQ
2
Define the term manufacturing. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw materials used.
Answer
Definition: “Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing”.
Classification:
• Agro-based: Cotton, wool, jute, silk textile, etc.
• Mineral-based: Iron, steel, cement etc.
SAQ
3
"Agriculture gives boost to the industrial sector.” Support the statement with arguments.
OR
“Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.” Justify this statement with examples.
Answer
The agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture -
• Agro-based industries have given a boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Agro-based industries depend on the agriculture for their raw materials such as cotton, sugarcane, jute etc.
• Agriculture depends on industries for products such as irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, machines and tools, etc.
• Industrial development helps agriculture in increasing their production and make production processes very efficient.
SAQ
4
Explain any three factors which were responsible for the concentration of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat in early years.
Answer
• Availability of raw cotton.
• Ready markets are available.
• Well-developed means of transportation.
SAQ
6
Why is cotton textile industry the largest industry in India today? Give any three resons.
Answer
• Cotton textile industry contributes 14 percent of the total industrial production.
• It provides employment to 35 million persons directly – the second largest after agriculture.
• It earns foreign exchange of about 24.6 percent (4 percent of GDP).
SAQ
7
Why in recent years the sugar mills have shifted to southern and western states?
Answer
• The cane produced in western states has higher sucrose content.
• The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season.
• The cooperatives are more successful in these states.
SAQ
8
Describe any three major problems faced by the weaving and processing sectors in cotton textile industry.
Answer
Problems of cotton textile Industry are:
• Although production has increased, it is still not enough and imports are needed.
• Erratic power supply and outdated machinery.
• Low output of labour.
• Stiff competition from synthetic fabrics.
SAQ
9
Mention the various measures taken by the government to boost the production of jute goods.
Answer
Various steps taken by the government to boost the production of Jute are:
• In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of increasing productivity.
• Improvement of quality.
• Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per hectare.
SAQ
10
Why has the Chota Nagpur Region maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Explain any three.
Answer
Factors responsible for concentration of iron and steel industries in Chhota Nagpur Plateau:
• Low cost of iron-ore.
• High grade raw material in proximity.
• Cheap labour.
• Vast growth potential in the home market.
SAQ
11
What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of information technology industry in India.
Answer
Software Technology Park: Software technology parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts. Significance of IT industry:
• A major impact of this industry has been on employment generation. Upto 31st March, 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons.
• It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.
SAQ
12
Suggest any three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by the industrial development in India.
Answer
Three steps to minimize the environmental degradation caused by industrial development in India are: Every litre of waste water discharged by our
industry pollutes eight times the quantity of fresh water.
• Minimizing use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
• Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements.
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
SAQ
13
Suggest any three measures to reduce the industrial pollution of freshwater resources.
Answer
• Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages.
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
• Treatment of hotwater and affluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
SAQ
14
“Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development”. Examine the statement.
Answer
• Steel production is the backbone of any country’s economy since it is the basic unit for the development of the nation.
• Almost every industry depends on iron and steel for its manufacturing and production.
• In today’s era of globalisation, consumption of goods is increasing. Thus, it can be concluded that growth in production of steel is regarded as the index of country’s development.
SAQ
15
Give one point of difference between mini and integrated steel plants.
Answer
Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge iron. They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications. An integrated steel plant is large, handles everything in one complex – from putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.
SAQ
16
Which factors influence the location of cement industry in India?
Answer
• Bulky and heavy raw materials like limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum.
• Coal and electric power are needed as source of energy.
• It also needs good rail transportation.
• Port facilities for the export of cement.
SAQ
17
Explain the three phase of treatment of industrial effluents.
Answer
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases.
• Primary treatment by mechanical means. This involves screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation.
• Secondary treatment by biological process
• Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of wastewater.
SAQ
1
Explain any five factors affecting the location of a industry.
Answer
The factors affecting the location of an industry:
• Availability of raw material.
• Availability of cheap labour.
• Availability of capital and bank facilities.
• Availability of power and other infrastructure.
• Proximity to markets.
• Availability of adequate and swift means of transport.
LAQ
2
Mention the major drawbacks and problems of cotton textile industry in India.
Answer
Cotton textile industry in India suffers from some problems:
• India has world class production and quality in spinning, but weaving supplies low quality of fabric because they are fragmented small units. This mismatch is major drawback.
• Many of our spinners export cotton yarn while apparel/garment manufactures have to import fabric.
• Although we the production of staple cotton has increased but we still need to import good quality staple cotton.
• Cotton textile industries face the problem of erratic Power supply which decreases the labour productivity.
• Machinery needs to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in particular.
• Output of labour is low due to poor machines and power supply.
LAQ
3
Why most of our jute mills are located along the banks of the Hugli River in West Bengal?
Answer
Factors responsible for their location in the Hugli basin
are:
• Proximity of the jute producing areas
• Inexpensive water transport
• Support of a good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills
• Abundant water for processing raw jute
• Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh.
• Kolkata as a large urban centre provides banking, insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.
LAQ
4
Explain any five measures to control industrial pollution in India.
Answer
• Restructuring the manufacturing processes to reduce or eliminate pollutants, through a process called pollution prevention.
• Creating cooling ponds, which are man-made and are designed to cool the heated waters from industries by evaporation, condensation and radiation.
• Filtration of sewage in water treatment plants attached to industries.
• Instructing industries to be Set-up far from residential areas.
• Backing the constitutional provisions by a number of laws − acts, rules, and notifications.
LAQ
5
Explain why most the iron and steel industry are concentrated in Chotanagpur plateau region.
Answer
Chotanagpur region has relative advantages such as:
• This region is rich in the raw material needed to produce the steel such as iron ore, coal, limestone, etc.
• These raw material are heavy and bulky therefore difficult and costly to transport to the plant.
• This region has well connected railway lines which offer easy transportation of the finished products for their distribution to the markets and consumers.
• This region gets its power supply from Damodar valley.
• Availability of cheap labour from surrounding regions.
LAQ
6
What is thermal pollution? What are its effects?
Answer
Thermal pollution: It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
The effects are:
• Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause cancers, birth defects and miscarriages.
• Dumping of wastes specially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salts and garbage renders the soil useless.
• Rain water percolates to the soil carrying the pollutants to the ground and the ground water also gets contaminated.
LAQ
1
“Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand”. Validate the statement.
Answer
• After an industrial activity starts, the urbanisation follows.
• Sometimes industries are located in or near the cities.
• Cities provide markets for manufactured goods.
• Cities provide various services like banking and
insurance etc.
HOTS
2
Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples.
Answer
• Classification of the industries on the basis of capital investment:
(a) Small Scale Industry
(b) Large Scale Industry
• Difference: If the investment is more than one crore on any industry, it is considered as a large scale industry. For example, Iron and Steel Industry or Cement Industry. While the investment is less than one crore on an industry, it is considered as a small scale industry e.g. Plastic industry, toy industry.
HOTS
3
“Environmental degradation has been seen everywhere.” Explain any three values that can help to prevent environment degradation.
Answer
Steps to minimise environmental degradation:
• Optimum utilisation of equipments, adopting latest techniques.
• Upgrading existing equipments.
• Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilization.
• Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance.
• Reducing environmental pollution through ash pond management, water recycling system and liquid waste management.
VBQ
3
How do industries pollute water? Suggest any two measures to control water pollution.
Answer
Most important are the industrial effluents that are discharged into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. Coal, dyes, pesticides, fertilisers, plastic are some common pollutants of water. Industrial wastes containing toxic metals pollute the water.
• Suggestions to control water pollution:
(a) Water should be reused and recycled to maximise its usage.
(b) Rain water should be harvested to meet water requirements.
(c) Hot water and effluents should be treated before releasing in river and ponds.
(d) Overdrawing of ground water reserves by industry where there is a threat to ground water resources also need to be regulated legally.
VBQ