Important Questions for Chapter 4 Agriculture Class 10 Geography
Important Questions1
By which name is specialized cultivation of fruits and vegetables known?
Answer
Horticulture.
VSAQ
2
Describe ‘Jhumming cultivation’ in one sentence.
Answer
‘Slash and burn’ agriculture.
VSAQ
3
Which state is the leading coffee producer state in India?
Answer
Karnataka.
VSAQ
4
India is the largest producer as well as consumer of which agricultural product in the world?
Answer
Pulses.
VSAQ
5
In which country the ‘slash and burn’ agriculture is known as ‘Roca’?
Answer
Brazil.
VSAQ
6
Hoe, dao, digging sticks are associated with which type of farming?
Answer
Primitive subsistence farming.
VSAQ
7
Which crop are grown with the onset of monsoons and are harvested in the month of September and October?
Answer
Kharif.
VSAQ
8
Which crop is the major crop of rabi?
Answer
Wheat.
VSAQ
9
In which system of agriculture, a single crop is grown on a large area?
Answer
Plantation agriculture.
VSAQ
10
What is the full form of ICAR?
Answer
Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
VSAQ
11
Which card provide affordable credit for farmers?
Answer
Kisan credit card.
VSAQ
12
Which country is the first largest producer of rice?
Answer
China.
VSAQ
13
Which crop is known as golden fibre?
Answer
Jute.
VSAQ
14
Which is best quality of coffee in India?
Answer
Arabica.
VSAQ
15
In which type of soil does maize grow well?
Answer
Old alluvial.
VSAQ
16
What is sericulture?
Answer
Rearing of silkworm for the production of silk.
VSAQ
17
What is the main source of jaggery, khandsari and molasses?
Answer
Sugarcane.
VSAQ
18
What is genetic engineering?
Answer
It is a study of hybrid variety of seeds.
VSAQ
19
What is zaid season?
Answer
Season between rabi and kharif is known as zaid season.
VSAQ
20
Cultivation of coffee is confined to which hill?
Answer
Nilgiri.
VSAQ
1
Which are the two main cropping seasons in India? Mention their growing and harvesting periods.
Answer
The two main cropping seasons are Rabi and Kharif:
• Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
• Kharif crops are sown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and harvested in September- October.
SAQ
2
What are the growing conditions required for the main staple food crop of India? Mention the main growing regions.
Answer
Growing conditions required for rice:
• High temperature (above 25°C required. It is a Kharif crop.
• High humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm.
• Main growing regions are northern plains, north-eastern India, Costal areas, deltaic plains and river valleys.
SAQ
3
Explain any two geographical conditions required for the cultivation of pulses. Name any two important pulses producing states.
OR
Why the pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other crops? Name any two major pulse producing states?
Answer
Pulses are mostly grown in rotation with other crops because:
• Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.
• Being leguminous crops, all these crops help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.
• Major pulse producing states are Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
SAQ
4
Give an account of oilseeds in India. Which state is the largest producer of groundnut?
Answer
Importance:
• These are edible and used as cooking medium.
• Used as raw material in production of soap, cosmetics and ointment.
• India is the largest producer.
Gujarat was the largest producer of Groundnut in India.
SAQ
5
Why are millets very important food crops in India?
Answer
• Jowar, bajra and ragi are important millets, known as coarse grains.
• They are important as they have high nutritional value.
• For example, Ragi is very rich in iron, other micro nutrients and roughage.
SAQ
6
Name two main food crops of India. Name the states where they are produced.
Answer
Two main food crops of India are Rice and Wheat.
• The rice producing states are West Bengal, Odisha and Tamil Nadu.
• The wheat producing states are Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.
SAQ
7
What are the two main fibre crops of India? Name the states where they are produced.
Answer
The main fibre crops of India are Cotton and Jute
• Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra are the leading cotton producing states of India.
• Jute is known as the 'Golden Fibre' of India and is mostly cultivated in West Bengal, Assam and Bihar.
SAQ
8
Describe the main features of Indian Agriculture.
Answer
• India has a high proportion of arable land, which is nearly 43%, the highest in the world.
• Due to the tropical climate, high intensity of cropping prevails in India.
• The proportion of net sown area varies greatly from state to state.
• Indian farmers depend on monsoons. The drier parts of India depend on irrigation, fertilisers, pesticides, etc.
• Farmers in India still follow primitive agriculture and grow crops mostly for family consumption. More than one-third of the landholdings are small.
(Any Three)
SAQ
9
Describe any three important characteristics of Rice cultivation in India.
Answer
• Rice is the staple food crop of people of India.
• India is the second largest producer of rice in the world.
• It is a Kharif crop and grows best in hot-wet climate. In areas receiving low or less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation facilities.
• It grows in the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains, coastal regions and the deltaic regions of India.
(Any Three)
SAQ
1
Describe the institutional and technical changes introduced in the field of agriculture in India in the recent years.
Answer
• Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.
• Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.
• Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.
• Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.
• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.
LAQ
2
Define plantation agriculture. Explain any four characteristics of plantation agriculture.
Answer
Plantation Agriculture: It is a type of commercial farming practised in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It was introduced by the British in India.
Characteristics:
• A single crop is grown over large area.
• It is capital intensive and done with migrant labour.
• All produce is used as raw material in industries such as tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.
• Plantation has interface of agriculture and industry both.
LAQ
3
Explain Rubber cultivation in India under the following heads: (i) Importance (ii) Geographical conditions (iii) Producing states.
Answer
(i) Importance:
Many industries depend upon Rubber as their raw material especially transport industry.
(ii) Geographical condition
• It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions it is also grown in tropical and subtropical areas.
• It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature above 25°C.
(iii) Rubber producing states are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya.
LAQ
4
Explain any four features of primitive subsistence agriculture in India?
Answer
Features of primitive subsistence agriculture in India are:
• It is practised on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools.
• Tools which are used are basically traditional tools such as hoe, dao and digging stick.
• This type of agriculture totally depends upon monsoon.
• When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift to another plot of land.
LAQ
5
What are millets? Give brief description of the climatic conditions and producing states of the millets grown in India.
Answer
Millets are coarse grains but have high nutritional value
• Jowar is a rain fed crops mostly grown in moist area. Producing states are Maharashtra, Karnataka and M.P.
• Bajra grow well on sandy soils & shallow black soil. Producing states are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujrat, Haryana and U.P.
• Ragi grow well in dry region on red, black, sandy and loamy soils. Producing states are Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Sikkim.
LAQ
6
What is intensive subsistence farming? Write three features of intensive farming.
Answer
Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. In this type of farming, the agricultural production is increased by using high doses of biochemical inputs and better agricultural inputs.
Features of intensive farming:
• High yielding variety (HYV) seeds and modern chemical inputs and irrigation are used to increase the production.
• The per hectare yield is very high.
• More than one crop is cultivated during a year.
LAQ
7
Name any four oilseeds produced in India. Explain the importance of oilseeds in our day to day life.
Answer
Groundnut, Mustard, Coconut, Sesamum, Soyabean, sunflower.
Importance of oilseeds:
• Most of these are edible in the form of oil.
• Used as raw material for manufacturing paints, varnishes, soaps, perfumes etc, oil cake is used as cattle feed.
• Oil cake is also used as a fertiliser.
LAQ
8
Suggest any five measures to enhance the agricultural production in India.
OR
Explain any five institutional and technical reforms brought by the government to improve the condition of Indian Agriculture.
Answer
• Land reforms: Collectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari.
• Agricultural reforms: Green revolution and White revolution.
• Land development programmes: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, etc., establishment of Grameen banks, Cooperative societies and banks for providing loans.
• Issuing of Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme, etc.
• Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers on radio and TV.
LAQ
9
What efforts are made by the govt. to modernise agriculture?
Answer
• Govt. has established an Indian council of agricultural research (ICAR) & agricultural universities to promote agriculture.
• Veterinary services & animal breeding centres are opened for healthy cattle.
• Efforts are made to develop horticulture.
• Rural infrastructure was also improved.
• Research & development in the field of meterology and weather , was given priority.
LAQ
1
After 1990 globalization has caused difficulties to Indian farmers, how do you think the lot of farmers can be improved in India?
Answer
Farmers are unable to compete with foreign agricultural products. To improve their condition and prevent farmer suicides, various suggestions are as follows:
• Genetic engineering can help to invent hybrid seeds.
• Organic farming will preserve the soil, water and environment.
• Diversification of crops from only cereals to high value crops which can grow easily in Indian climatic conditions.
VBQ
1
“Indian agriculture started declining trend in food production.” Give reason.
Answer
• Gradual shift from cultivation of food crop to cultivation of fruits, vegetables, oil seeds and industrial crop led to the reduction in net sown area under cereals and pulses.
• Competition for land between non- agricultural and agricultural uses has resulted in reduction in the net sown area.
• Fertilisers, pesticides are now responsible for degrading the soils.
• Periodic scarcity of water led to reduction in area under irrigation.
• Inefficient water management led to water logging and salinity.
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