Important Questions for Chapter 1 Development Class 10 Economics
Important Questions1
What is the most common indicator for measuring economic development of a country?
Answer
Per Capita Income.
VSAQ
2
Why do some people oppose dams? Give one reason.
Answer
Because construction of dams disrupt the lives of people who are displaced.
VSAQ
3
What other goal is included in the developmental goals besides having better income?
Answer
Freedom, education, security and equal treatment.
VSAQ
4
What do you mean by per capital income?
Answer
Per capital income refers to income of a person of that particular nation.
VSAQ
5
What is the full form of IMR?
Answer
IMR stands for Infant Mortality Rate.
VSAQ
6
Write a main cause of high infant mortality rate.
Answer
Inadequate facilities of health is the main cause of high infant mortality rate.
VSAQ
7
What do you mean by nation development?
Answer
National development refers to ability of a nation to improve standard of living of its citizens.
VSAQ
8
What was the literacy rate in Bihar in 2011?
Answer
In 2011, the literacy rate in Bihar was 64%.
VSAQ
9
How can we compare different countries or state?
Answer
We can compare different countries or state on the basis of per capital income.
VSAQ
10
Write a reason of Kerala has low Infant Mortality Rate?
Answer
Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities.
VSAQ
11
In terms of human development, which countries is ahead of India?
Answer
In terms of human development, Sri Lanka is ahead of India.
VSAQ
12
When Underemployment is occurred?
Answer
Underemployment occurs when people are working less than what they are capable of doing.
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13
Write a component of Human Development Index?
Answer
Literacy rate is a component of Human Development Index.
VSAQ
14
Write a feature of developing country?
Answer
High technological development is a feature of developing country.
VSAQ
15
Who publishes Human Development Report?
Answer
Human Development Report is published by United nation development programme.
VSAQ
16
Which areas of the world have the low reserves of crude oil?
Answer
United States of America have the low reserves of crude oil.
VSAQ
17
Who is considered as low-income countries?
Answer
Those with per capita income of US$ 1035 or less are called low-income countries.
VSAQ
18
What do you mean by Literacy Rate?
Answer
Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
VSAQ
19
What do you mean by Life expectancy at birth?
Answer
Average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.
VSAQ
20
How can we achieve the development goals of different sections of our society?
Answer
Democratic political process.
VSAQ
21
Why is the groundwater in India getting exhausted?
Answer
Due to overuse.
VSAQ
1
What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of development?
Answer
Development refers to progress or improvement in life style. Important aspects of development are:
• Different persons can have different developmental goals.
• What may be development for one may not be development for the other. It may even be destructive for others.
SAQ
2
What is Sustainable Development? Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain.
Answer
Sustainable Development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
• Economic development is a continuous process. Resources are to be used in such a way that they are not exploited. At the same time development should not harm the environment.
• It is desirable because everyone would certainly like the present level of development to go further or at least be maintained for the future generations.
SAQ
3
Write the importance of human development index in three points.
Answer
Human Development Index is published by the UNDP.
• It indicates the level of development of a country.
• The report provide information about the different welfare elements such as education levels, health status and literacy level of a country.
• It also provide information about the per capita income of a country.
SAQ
4
Describe any three features of developed country.
Answer
• As per the World Bank Report 2016, any country with per capita income of US$ 12,236 per annum and above is termed as rich or developed country.
• Such countries have high literacy rate.
• Most of the people of these countries are engaged in service sector.
SAQ
5
‘What may be development for one may not be development for the other.’ Explain by giving examples.
Answer
• Industrialists may want more dams to get more electricity. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced – such as tribals.
• A farmers wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a low earning perosn wants to purchase it at low prices.
• More wages means development for a worker, but it affect negatively a businessman.
SAQ
6
‘Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well.’ Explain.
Answer
• Apart from money, the quality of our life also depends upon non-material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others, etc.
• Money cannot buy us a pollution free environment, unadulterated medicines, peace, etc.
• Money possessed by an individual even cannot provide a type of government which take decisions for the welfare of the common people.
SAQ
7
“Developmental goals are different for different people”. Explain the statement with appropriate examples.
Answer
• Development or progress does not mean one and same thing for every individual. Each individual has his/her own perception of development.
• People seek things that are most important for them, i.e. things that can fulfil their aspiration or desires.
• Example: Development for a farmer might be proper irrigation facilities but a industrialist may want cheap power.
SAQ
8
Besides income, what can be the other attributes to compare economic development?
Answer
• Infant Mortality Rate: Low infant mortality rate indicates good medical facilities and all round development in the society. A high rate will be an economic loss for the region as much effort is wasted, which could have been harnessed.
• Literacy Rate: Low literacy rate shows backwardness and slow the pace of economic development.
• Life Expectancy: This is also an indicator of available health facilities. Low life expectancy will be a hindrance to economic development.
SAQ
9
What is national development? What are the aspects covered under the national development?
Answer
National development is a comprehensive term which includes improvement in living standard of the people, increase in per capita income, increase in literacy level, availability of health etc.
• Under national development, a country uses its limited resources at optimum level.
• The programmes and policies are implemented which would benefit a large number of people.
• Countries focus more on social infrastructure which includes education, health and other social services.
SAQ
10
“The issue of sustainability is important for development”. Explain.
Answer
• Resources remain continuously available for human use so that cycle of development goes on.
• Reserves of mineral oil and ground water are depleting with a rapid pace.
• Conservation and preservation have become the need of the hour for the coming generations.
SAQ
11
Describe Public facility. Explain with an example to show how it contribute in development.
Answer
Facilities which are provided by the government considered as public facility. Like schools, hospitals, community halls, transport, electricity etc.
Example: We know that Haryana has more income than the average person in Kerala but Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because of better public system like, Public Distribution System which provide Health and nutritional status to the state.
SAQ
12
Why are public facilities needed for the development of the country? Explain any four public facilities.
Answer
No-one in the world can purchase pollution free environment with the help of money. Public facility is provided by the government.
• Electricity, transport, school, hospital this type of public facility is used by the general public and provided by the government.
• Some other type of facility like, public distribution system which is regulated by the government also necessary for development.
• Providing goods at cheap rate by the help of fair shop to the people belonging from below poverty line is also provided by the government.
SAQ
1
What are the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer
The main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries is per capital income. Per capital income is calculated by dividing total income of a country to total population of that particular country. Because each country has different population rate, the World Bank cannot take national income for classifying different countries. There are some limitations of this criterion.
• We cannot compare other distribution of income for classifying different countries.
• Other factors also necessary for judging economic condition of different countries. Like, literacy rate, Infant Mortality Rate etc. Therefore, only per capita income in not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare different countries.
LAQ
2
What is Per Capita Income? Why is “Per Capita Income” not an adequate indicator of economic development of a country? Explain.
Answer
Per capita income is the total income of the country divided by its total population It is not an adequate indicator because:
• It does not tell us how this income is distributed. Per Capita Income might not be the income of every individual in the state.
• Life expectancy and Infant Mortality Rate are other important criteria for measuring development.
• Education and literacy level are other indicators of development.
• Pollution free environment, less corruption, gender equality etc. are also important.
LAQ
3
Why do we use averages to compare the development of countries? What are the limitations in using it? Explain.
Answer
Use of averages to compare development of countries:
• Averages are used for better understanding.
• For comparison between countries, total income is not very useful. As different countries have different populations, so total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.
• According to the World Bank, countries with per capita income of US $12236 per annum and above in 2016 are called rich countries, and those below US $10305 per annum or less are poor.
The limitation of average income:
Average income does not depict how the income is distributed among the people. Some may be very rich but the masses may be poor.
LAQ
1
Explain the importance of sustainable development by giving the example of ground water.
Answer
• Sustainable development is all about judicious use of resources at present keeping in mind the future requirements of the coming generation.
• Ground water is over used for agriculture.
• Water is drawn from wells and this leaves the underground water-table depleted.
• Since water is a renewable resource, we must help in replenishing water.
• We would be overusing the resources if use more than what is being replenished.
HOTS
1
Why Kerala has a better human development ranking than Haryana in spite of lower per capita income?
Answer
Kerala has a better human development ranking than Haryana inspite of lower per capita income because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facility. This results in:
• Lower mortality rate.
• Higher literacy rate.
• Gross Enrolment ratio is higher.
VBQ