NCERT Solutions for Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Class 8 History
Book Solutions1
Match the following:
|
ryot |
village |
|
mahal |
peasant |
|
nij |
cultivation
on ryot’s lands |
|
ryoti |
cultivation
on planter’s own land |
Answer
|
ryot |
peasant |
|
mahal |
village |
|
nij |
cultivation on planter’s own land |
|
ryoti |
cultivation on ryot’s lands |
2
(a) Growers of woad in Europe saw ___________ as a crop which would provide competition to their earnings.
(b) The demand for indigo increased in the late-eighteenth-century Britain because of ____________.
(c) The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of ___________.
(d) The Champaran movement was against ______________.
Answer
(b)The demand for indigo increased in the late-eighteenth-century Britain because of the expansion of cotton production.
(c)The international demand for indigo was affected by the discovery of synthetic dyes.
(d)The Champaran movement was against indigo planters.
3
Answer
• By the terms of the settlement the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars.
• They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the company.
• The amount to be paid was fixed permanently.
• It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the company’s coffers and at the same time encourages the zamindars to invest is improving the land.
• If the zamindars failed to pay the revenue, which they usually did as the fixed revenue was very high, they lost their zamindari.
4
Answer
|
Mahalwari Settlement |
Permanent
Settlement |
|
The mahalwari system, devised by Holt Mackenzie, came
into effect in 1822, in the North Western provinces of the Bengal Presidency. |
The Permanent Settlement was introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis. |
|
It was devised as an alternative to the Permanent Settlement. |
It was aimed at ensuring stable revenue for the East India Company. |
|
The village headmen were in charge of collecting revenue. |
The rajas and taluqdarswere in charge of
collecting revenue. |
|
The revenue amount was not fixed, and was to be revised periodically.
The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate
the revenue that each village or mahal had to pay. |
The revenue amount was fixed and was never to be increased in the
future. |
5
Answer
• Driven by the desire to increase the income from land, revenue officials fixed too high a revenue demand.
• Peasants were unable to pay ryats fled the countryside and villages became deserted in many regions.
6
Answer
• The planters paid a very low price for indigo.
• The ryots was not in a position to even recover his cost, earning a profit was a far-fetched idea. This meant that the ryot was always under debt.
• The planters insisted that the peasants cultivate indigo on the most fertile parts of their land, but the peasants preferred growing rice on the best soils as after an indigo harvest, the land could not be used for sowing rice.
7
Answer