NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Class 10 Geography
Book Solutions1(i)
Answer
(b) bauxite1(ii)
Answer
(b) mica1(iii)
Answer
(a) sedimentary rocks1(iv)
Answer
2(i)
Answer
(a)
Ferrous minerals | Non-ferrous minerals |
Metallic minerals which contain iron are called ferrous minerals, e.g. iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. | Metallic minerals which do not contain iron are called non-ferrous minerals, e.g. copper, bauxite, tin, etc. |
(b)
Conventional Sources of Energy | Non-conventional Sources of Energy |
Conventional sources of energy are those sources which have been use since the early times. | Non-conventional sources of energy have generally been identified in the recent past. |
They are exhaustible except hydro-energy. | They are inexhaustible. |
They cause pollution when used as they emit smoke and ash. | Generally these are pollution-free. |
Their generation and use involve huge expenditure. | Low expenditure required. |
Very expensive to maintain, store, transmit as they are carried over long distances through transmission grids. | Less expensive due to local use and easy maintenance. |
Examples are – coal, natural gas, water, fire-wood. | Examples are – geothermal energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biogas energy, nuclear energy. |
2(ii)
Answer
A mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable interior structure.2(iii)
Answer
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, molten/liquid and gaseous minerals are forced upwards into the cracks. They then solidify and form veins or lodes.2(iv)
Answer
It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals. Compared to the present rate of consumption, the replenishment rate of minerals is very slow. Hence, mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. Due to this, it is important that we conserve the mineral resources.3(i)
Answer
• Rich reserves of coal are found in the Damodar Valley region in the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. Raniganj in West Bengal and Jharia and Bokaro in Jharkhand are important coalfields. One third of the total production comes from here.
• Coal is also found in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys. Korba in Chhattisgarh, Singrauli and Penah-kanhan valley in Madhya Pradesh, Talcher in Orissa, Kamptee and Chandrapur in Maharashtra and Singareni of Andhra Pradesh are important coal mines.
• Tertiary coal occur in the north eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
• Principal lignite reserves are found in Neyveli in Tamil Nadu.
3(ii)
Answer
• India being a tropical country receives sunlight in abundance throughout the year.
• Solar plants can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
• It will minimize the dependence of rural households on firewood and dunk cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.