Industries

NCERT Solutions for Chapter 5 Industries Class 8 Geography

Book Solutions

1(i)

Answer the following questions.
What is meant by the term 'industry'?

Answer

The term 'industry' refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods (e.g., iron and steel industry), extraction of minerals (e.g., coal mining industry) or provision of services (e.g., tourism industry).
Exercises Page Number 59

1(ii)

What are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

Answer

Factors influencing the location of an industry:
• Availability of raw material
• Availability of land
• Adequate supply of water
• Adequate supply of labour
• Access to power
• Amount of capital
• Access to transport
• Presence of market
Exercises Page Number 59

1(iii)

Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

Answer

Iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry because almost everything is either made from iron or steel or has been made using tools and machineries of these metals. There are plenty of examples like -ships, trains, vehicles; all are made largely of steel. Materials of our day-to-day use starting safety pin to our building in which we live, are made from steel. Without the use of iron no industry can run.
Exercises Page Number 59

1(iv)

Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Answer

Cotton textile rapidly expanded in Mumbai because its warm, moist climate, facility of port for importing of machinery and above all the easy availability of skilled labour.
Exercises Page Number 59

2(i)

Tick the correct answer.
Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bangalore 
(b) California 
(c) Ahmedabad

Answer

(b) California
Exercises Page Number 59

2(ii)

Tick the correct answer.
Which one of the following industries is known as sunrise industry?
(a) Iron and steel industry 
(b) Cotton textile 
(c) Information technology

Answer

(c) Information technology
Exercises Page Number 59

2(iii)

Tick the correct answer.
Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) Nylon 
(b) Jute 
(c) Acrylic

Answer

(b) Jute
Exercises Page Number 59

3(i)

Distinguish between the following
Agro-based and mineral-based industry

Answer

Agro-based industry

Mineral-based industry

Uses plant and animal products as raw materials

Uses mineral ores as raw materials

Source of employment for people in rural areas

Source of employment for people in rural as well as urban areas

Example: Dairy industry, cotton textile industry

Example: Iron and steel industry, heavy machinery industry

Exercises Page Number 59

3(ii)

Distinguish between the following
Public-sector and joint-sector industry

Answer

Public-sector industry

Joint-sector industry

Owned and operated by the government

Jointly owned and operated by the government and individuals or a group of individuals

Example: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, Steel Authority of India Limited

Example: Maruti Udyog Limited

Exercises Page Number 59

4

Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
(i) Raw materials: ____________ and _____________
(ii) End product: ____________ and _____________
(iii) Tertiary activities: ____________ and _____________
(iv) Agro-based industries: ____________ and _____________
(v) Cottage industries: ____________ and _____________
(vi) Co-operatives: ____________ and _____________

Answer

(i)Raw materials: cotton and steel
(ii)End product: shirt and safety pin
(iii)Tertiary activities: banking and transport
(iv)Agro-based industries: dairy industry and cotton textile industry
(v)Cottage industries: pottery industry and basket-weaving industry
(vi)Co-operatives: Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy
Exercises Page Number 59