NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Gender, Religion and Caste Class 10 Civics
Book Solutions1
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Answer
• Girls are provided with less education as compared to boys. The literacy rate among women isonly 54 percent compared with 76 percent among men. The percentage of females opting for higher studies is very low.
• The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small. On an average an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day.
• In almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.
• There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women. Urban areas have become particularly unsafe for women.
Exercises
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2
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer
• The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs for example, religious prejudices.
• A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community.
• Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. for example, the use of sacred symbols.
• Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre for example., India and Pakistan during the time of Partition.
Exercises
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3
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer
• Even now most people marry within their own caste or tribe.
• Despite constitutional prohibition, Untouchability has not ended completely.
• Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today. For example, Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Exercises
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4
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer
Caste alone cannot determine election results in India because:
• No parliamentary constituency has a clear majority of one single caste.
• No party wins all the votes of a particular caste.
Exercises
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5
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer
• In Lok Sabha, the percentage of elected women members has touched 12 percent of its total strength
for the first time in 2014.
• Their share in the state assemblies is less than 5 per cent. India is among the bottom group of nations in the world in this respect.
• Thus the proportion of women in legislative bodies has been very low. India is among the bottom group of nations in the world.
Exercises
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6
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Answer
• The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
• The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
Exercises
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7
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Answer
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
Exercises
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8
In India seats are reserved for women in
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State legislative assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Answer
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Exercises
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9
Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:
A. One religion is superior to that of others.
B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B, C, and D
(b) A, B, and D
(c) A and C
(d) B and D
Answer
(c) A and C
Exercises
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10
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(b) gives official status to one religion.
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.
Answer
(b) gives official status to one religion
Exercises
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11
Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.
Answer
caste
Exercises
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12
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I | List II | ||
1. | A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men | Α. | Communalist |
2. | A person who says that religion is the principal basis of community | Β. | Feminist |
3. | A person who thinks that caste is the principal basis of community | C. | Secularist |
4. | A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs | D. | Castiest |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
(a) | B | C | A | D |
(b) | B | A | D | C |
(c) | D | C | A | B |
(d) | C | A | B | D |
Answer
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
(b) | B | A | D | C |
Exercises
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